Posts Tagged ‘Robert Wright’

Verlyn Klinkenborg, who regularly contributes interesting and well-written little essays  to the New York Times Op-Ed page, writes today about four-way stops and what a surprisingly successful tidbit of human cooperation they are:

What a four-way stop expresses is the equality of the drivers who meet there. It doesn’t matter what you drive. For it to work, no deference is required, no self-denial. Precedence is all that matters, like a water right in Wyoming. Except that at a four-way stop on the streets of Rancho Cucamonga everyone gets to take a turn being first.

The underlying theme here is nothing less than the importance of  rational games playing to a functioning society. As poker players, we tend to focus on game theory’s competitive applications in zero-sum situations, but game theory is equally as applicable to cooperative interactions that realize non-zero-sum benefits. (For more on this subject, see my review of Robert Wright’s Nonzero.)

In fact, I just record a video for Poker Savvy Plus yesterday in which I used traffic lights as an example of a Nash Equilibrium. The really remarkable thing about the four-way stop is that it is largely self-governing, as opposed to the traffic light, where drivers obey orders from (literally) on high. Yes, there are rules for how to behave at a four-way stop, but their application in a particular situation are almost always left to the individual judgment of the drivers. There is no flashing light or other signal to tell you when it is your turn and when you must defer.  Read the complete post...

Robert Wright’s Nonzero is not a poker book. I picked it up because it claimed to apply game theory to human evolution, both biological and cultural, and to offer a sweeping and prophetic account of humanity’s history and future. Yes, that’s a pretty ambitious goal, and the author acknowledges as much. Wright does indeed provide a fascinating, fast-paced survey of the history of human civilization that, despite occupying only one-third of a not particularly long book, rarely feels rushed. His predictions for the future are spotty, which can be forgiven, but he could at least provide more guidance about what the world’s leaders ought to do to continue to pursue mutually advantageous relationships. As nothing more than an educated layperson, I found Nonzero to be a quite compelling introduction to the continuing evolution of human civilization, with at least a glimpse into what the future might hold as well.

I also found most of the content to be not nearly as controversial as the author seemed to expect it would be. This, I think, is due to the fact that I was not previously familiar with the academic literature that Wright engages. The central thesis of Nonzero is that, at both the cellular level and the cultural level, the possiblity of realizing nonzerosum gains rewards cooperation and complexity and punishes those who go it alone. Though I found it unremarkable to suggest that life on earth is evolving towards ever-greater complexity and that this evolution is not solely motivated by changes in the external environment, Wright exerts a good deal of effort refuting some prominent academics who argue otherwise. In his defense, he does provide a very accessible introduction to these long-standing debates.  Read the complete post...